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OBJECTIVES:To the study of nature and the facts about environment.

• To finding  and  implementing  scientific,  technological,  economic  and  political  solutions  to environmental problems.
• To study the interrelationship between living organism and environment.
• To appreciate the importance of environment by assessing its impact on the human world; envision the surrounding environment, its functions and its value.To study the dynamic processes and understand the features of the earth’s interior and surface.
• To study the integrated themes and biodiversity, natural resources, pollution control and waste management.

UNIT I ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY

Definition,  scope  and  importance  of  Risk  and  hazards;  Chemical  hazards,  Physical  hazards, Biological hazards in the environment – concept   of an ecosystem – structure and function of an ecosystem – producers, consumers and decomposers-Oxygen cycle and Nitrogen cycle – energy flow in the ecosystem – ecological succession processes – Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the (a) forest ecosystem (b) grassland ecosystem (c) desert ecosystem (d) aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) – Introduction to biodiversity definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity – biogeographical classification of India – value of biodiversity:  consumptive  use,  productive  use,  social,  ethical,  aesthetic  and  option  values  – Biodiversity at global, national and local levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ conservation  of  biodiversity.  Field  study  of  common  plants,  insects, birds  Field  study  of  simple ecosystems – pond, river, hill slopes, etc.

UNIT II ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Definition – causes, effects and control measures of: (a) Air pollution (Atmospheric chemistry- Chemical composition of the atmosphere; Chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere – formation of smog, PAN, acid rain, oxygen and ozone chemistry;- Mitigation procedures- Control of particulate and gaseous  emission, Control of SO2, NOX, CO and HC) (b) Water pollution : Physical and chemical properties of terrestrial and marine water and their environmental significance; Water quality parameters – physical, chemical and biological; absorption of heavy metals – Water treatment processes. (c) Soil pollution – soil waste management: causes, effects and control measures of municipal solid wastes – (d) Marine pollution (e) Noise pollution (f) Thermal pollution (g) Nuclear hazards–role of an individual in prevention of pollution – pollution case studies – Field study of local polluted site – Urban / Rural / Industrial / Agricultural.

UNIT III NATURAL RESOURCES

Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies- timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people – Water resources: Use and overutilization of surface and ground water, dams-benefits and problems – Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies – Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies – Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Energy Conversion processes – Biogas – production and uses, anaerobic digestion; case studies – Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification – role of an individual in conservation of natural resources – Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. Introduction to Environmental Biochemistry: Proteins –Biochemical degradation of pollutants, Bioconversion of pollutants. Field study of local area to document environmental assets – river / forest / grassland / hill / mountain.

UNIT IV SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

From unsustainable to sustainable development – urban problems related to energy – water conservation, rain water  harvesting, watershed management  –  resettlement and  rehabilitation  of people; its problems and concerns, case studies – role of non-governmental organization- environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions – 12 Principles of green chemistry- nuclear accidents and holocaust, case studies. – wasteland reclamation – consumerism and waste products – environment production act – Air act – Water act – Wildlife protection act – Forest conservation act – The  Biomedical  Waste  (Management  and  Handling)  Rules;  1998  and  amendments-  scheme  of labeling of environmentally friendly products (Ecomark). enforcement machinery involved in environmental legislation-  central and state pollution control boards- disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. Public awareness.

UNIT V HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Population growth, variation among nations – population explosion – family welfare programme – environment and human health – human rights – value education – HIV / AIDS – women and child welfare –Environmental impact analysis (EIA)- -GIS-remote sensing-role of information technology in environment and human health – Case studies.

GE6351 Environmental Science and Engineering Lecture Notes

• Lecture Notes Collections 1 – DOWNLOAD